IoT and GPS-Based Real-Time Traffic Signal Pre-emption System for Emergency Vehicle Routing

This project presents a GPS-based emergency traffic management system designed to provide automatic traffic signal priority for ambulances at signalized intersections. The system continuously receives real-time GPS data including latitude, longitude, and destination coordinates through a web API and processes this information in a central application. A movement history of the ambulance is maintained to determine direction and approach toward a registered traffic junction. Using distance calculation and geofence detection, the system identifies when the ambulance enters the monitoring region. Once detected, the approach road is predicted and the corresponding traffic signal is controlled through an API connected to an ESP32-based traffic controller. The system continues monitoring the ambulance during signal activation and restores normal traffic operation after the vehicle crosses the junction. A web dashboard displays real-time data such as ambulance location, distance from the junction, predicted road, and signal status for monitoring and testing. The implementation follows a modular architecture including GPS tracking, geofence detection, movement prediction, and IoT-based traffic signal control. The system avoids the need for additional roadside infrastructure and provides a cost-effective and scalable solution.